别名：紫花地丁;匙头菜;马蹄草;地核桃;黄花菜;箭头草;堇;六月霜;宝剑草;山葫芦;山茄子;土细辛;白毛叶地丁草;乌斯图-尼勒-其其格;长萼堇菜;怀胎草;光果堇菜;毛果堇;毛果堇菜;地丁子;圆叶毛堇菜;银地匙;山核桃;山葫芦苗;

科名：堇菜科 Violaceae

属名：堇菜属 Viola

《中国植物志》第51卷022页
  3. 球果堇菜（中国植物图鉴）毛果堇菜（江苏南部种子植物手册），圆叶毛堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）图版3: 11-14
  Viola collina Bess. Catal. Hort. Cremen. 151. 1816; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 249. 1824; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 49. 1859; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 (2): 24. 1918; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 320. 1939. et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 453. 1979; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 373. t. 18. f. 5. 1949; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报1: 70. 图版1, 图1. 1195; 东北植物检索表228. 图版72, 图5. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 910. 图3550. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 82. 图版30, 图1-2. 1977; 内蒙古植物志4: 112. 图版53. 1979; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 318. 1981; 北京植物志 上册589. 图748. 1984. 汪劲武、杨继, 植物研究 8 (2): 127. 1988. ——V. hirta L. var. collina (Bess.) Bagel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 34: 481. 1861. ——V. hirta auct. non. L.: Turcz. Fl. Baical. -Dahur. 1: 183. 1842-45; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 43. 1884; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 52. 1886; Korsh. Pl. Amur. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 310. 1892; Diels, Fl. Centr. China 477. 1900; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 62. 1905.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola collina  Besser
球果堇菜   qiu guo jin cai
Herbs perennial, 4-9 cm tall at anthesis, to 20 cm at fruiting. Rhizome erect or oblique, yellow-brown, 2-6 cm, robust, thick, densely noded, apex often branched; roots numerous, brownish. Leaves basal, rosulate; stipules lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, membranous, base adnate to petioles, margin remotely fimbriate-denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole narrowly winged, 2-5 cm at anthesis, to 19 cm at fruiting, appressed puberulous or rarely glabrescent; leaf blade broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1-3.5 × 1-3 cm, conspicuously accrescent at fruiting, to 8 × ca. 6 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or rarely glabrescent, base shallowly or deeply and narrowly sinuate, later cordate, margin shallowly and obtusely serrate, apex obtuse or acute, rarely acuminate. Flowers purplish, ca. 1.4 cm, long pedicellate; pedicels with 2 bracteoles ca. 6 mm at or below middle, puberulous or rarely glabrescent. Sepals oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 5-6 mm, ciliate and glandular, basal auricles short and obtuse. Petals whitish at base, upper and lateral ones obtuse at apex, lateral ones bearded or subglabrous, spur of anterior one white, shorter, ca. 3.5 mm, slightly curved upward, apex obtuse. Ovary puberulous; styles geniculate at base, gradually thickened upward, often sparsely papillose, apically curved downward forming a hooked beak, with a smaller stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule globose, densely white puberulous or rarely glabrescent; fruit stalk usually curved downward when mature.
Forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands, grassy slopes, mountain valleys, shaded and moist places; below 2800 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan; Europe].