别名：枇杷柴;红沙;红虱;海葫芦根;琵琶柴;准噶尔琵琶柴;

科名：柽柳科 Tamaricaceae

属名：红砂属 Reaumuria

《中国植物志》第50(2)卷143页
  1.红砂 枇杷柴（新疆）图版39: 12-17
  Reaumuria songarica (Pall.) Maxim. Fl. Tangut. 1: 97. 1889 et Enum. Pl. Mong. 1: 107. 1889; Gorschk. in Fl. USSR 15: 279. 1949;中国高等植物图鉴2: 889. 192 soongorica. ——Tamarix soongarica Pall. in Nova Acta Petrop. 10 (Math。-Phys.): 374, Tab. 10. f. 4. 1797. ——Holofachne songarica (Pall.) Ehrenb. in Linnaea Z: 273. 1827: Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 138. 1843，soongorica. ——H. schawiana Hook. f. in Renders. et Hume，Lahore to Jarkend 313. 1873.
  小灌木，仰卧，高10-30（-70）厘米，多分枝，老枝灰褐色，树皮为不规则的波状剥裂，小枝多拐曲，皮灰白色，粗糙，纵裂。叶肉质，短圆柱形，鳞片状，上部稍粗，长1-5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，常微弯，先端钝，浅灰蓝绿色，具点状的泌盐腺体，常4-6枚簇生在叶腋缩短的枝上，花期有时叶变紫红色。小枝常呈淡红色。花单生叶腋（实为生在极度短缩的小枝顶端），或在幼枝上端集为少花的总状花序状；花无梗；直径约4毫米；苞片3，披针形，先端尖，长0.5-0.7毫米；花萼钟形，下部合生，长1.5-2.5毫米，裂片5，三角形，边缘白膜质，具点状腺体；花瓣5，白色略带淡红，长圆形，长约4.5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，先端钝，基部楔状变狭，张开，上部向外反折，下半部内侧的2附属物倒披针形，薄片状，顶端繸状。着生在花瓣中脉的两侧；雄蕊6-8(-12)，分离，花丝基部变宽，几与花瓣等长；子房椭圆形，花柱3，具狭尖之柱头。蒴果长椭圆形或纺锤形，或作三稜锥形，长4-6毫米，宽约2毫米，高出花萼2-3倍，具3稜，3瓣裂（稀4），通常具3-4枚种子。种子长圆形，长3-4毫米，先端渐尖，基部变狭，全部被黑褐色毛。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
  产新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古，直到东北西部。本种是荒漠和草原区域的重要建群种，生于荒漠地区的山前冲积、洪积平原上和戈壁侵蚀面上，亦生于低地边缘，基质多为粗砾质戈壁，也生于壤土上。土壤都有不同程度的盐渍化，富含石膏。在盐土和碱土上可以延伸到草原区域。苏联、蒙古也有分布。模式标本采自新疆准噶尔袍台。
  红砂群落可用作荒漠区域的良好草场，供放牧羊群和骆驼之用。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Reaumuria soongarica  (Pallas) Maximowicz
红砂   hong sha
Tamarix soongarica Pallas, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 10: 374. 1797; Hololachna soongarica (Pallas) Ehrenberg.
Shrubs, small, 10-30(-70) cm tall, much branched. Old branches gray-brown; branchlets reddish, usually zigzag, longitudinally cracked. Leaves often 4-6 clustered on shortened branches, grayish blue, sometimes turning purple-red at anthesis, shortly terete, scale-like, slightly thicker in upper part, 1-5 × 0.5-1 mm, often slightly curved, fleshy, with dotlike salt-secreting glands, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary, axillary (actually at apices of extremely shortened branchlets), or clustered into few flowered racemes in upper part of young branches, sessile, ca. 4 mm in diam.; bracts 3, lanceolate, 0.5-0.7 mm, apex acute. Calyx campanulate, united in lower part, 1.5-2.5 mm; lobes triangular, margin scarious, with dotlike glands. Petals white, tinged reddish, oblong, ca. 4.5 × 2.5 mm, base cuneate, attenuate, apex obtuse, open, reflexed in upper part; inside with 2 appendages in lower half oblanceolate, laminar, apex laciniate, inserted on two lateral sides of midribs of petals. Stamens 6-8(-12), free; filaments dilated at base, subequaling petals. Ovary ellipsoid; styles 3; stigmas narrowly acute. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid or fusiform, or triqueter-conic, 4-6 × ca. 2 mm, 2-3 × exceeding calyx, 3-angled, 3(or 4)-septicidal, usually 3- or 4-seeded. Seeds oblong, 3-4 mm, black-brown hairy throughout, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.
Deserts, margins of lowlands. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Mongolia].
Reaumuria minfengensis D. F. Cui & M. J. Zhong (Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 19: 552. 1999), described from Xinjiang, is very similar to R. soongarica judging from the protologue. However, because we have not seen the type, it must remain a dubious species in the present treatment.